Economic and Reliability Assessment of Hybrid PRO-RO Desalination Systems Using Brine for Salinity Gradient Energy Production

The energy requirements for desalination have made it an expensive process, however, is still a viable and cost-effective means of water purification amidst freshwater scarcity. management disposal brine external extra cost due to the effect on environment. integration Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) with Reverse (RO) technique as modelled in this paper enhances management. fed back into PRO unit create salinity gradient transfer via membrane generate energy. hybrid model designed be powered by grid-tied offshore wind power. use power, clean, renewable source devoid carbon emission, main power drive RO reduces emissions from grid. proposed assessed using Levelized (LCOE), Annualized system (ACS), (COW) economic matrices. In contrast, loss probability used reliability matrix. Obtained results show LCOE 1.11 $/kW, ACW $110,456, COW 0.13 $/m3, 0.341, low total 193,323 kgCO2-e, zero production. Results that economically viable, technically reliable, environmentally friendly, generally sustainable.